Dual-use solar projects, also known as agrivoltaics, combine renewable-energy production with agricultural or ecological uses such as crop cultivation, livestock grazing and pollinator habitat. Once primarily associated with pollinator-friendly plantings, the practice has expanded significantly. The U.S. Department of Energy’s agrivoltaics map now includes approximately 670 dual-use solar sites.
These projects can provide farmers with reliable lease income at a time when declining crop prices and rising costs for labor, fuel, fertilizer and materials are putting pressure on agricultural operations. The article notes that solar occupies only 0.07% of prime U.S. farmland—far less than suburban development or golf courses. Lee Vernon of Arch O&M adds that farmers often lease lower-quality, fallow or overworked land that is difficult to cultivate.
Agrivoltaics can also support agricultural production. Solar panels create microclimates that may retain warmth in cold conditions, conserve moisture through shade and produce cooler, healthier grass for grazing animals. Native groundcover and livestock can restore soil while reducing the need for mechanical mowing. Michael Schwarz of Arch O&M says grazing may be especially advantageous on hilly sites, where operating mowing equipment introduces added risks.
Successful dual-use projects require thoughtful planning. Crop-based installations may need wider tracker rows, carefully mapped irrigation systems and pile locations that do not interfere with farming. Sheep generally require few equipment changes, but strong perimeter fencing and divided paddocks are essential for predator protection and complete vegetation management. Cattle require taller tracker posts and carefully protected wiring.
The article emphasizes involving knowledgeable engineering, procurement and supply-chain partners early. Accurate cost estimates, permitting reviews, topographical studies and pile-point plans can prevent delays and ensure equipment fits the land’s intended uses. Construction practices may also need adjustment to minimize stress on nearby animals.
Overall, dual-use solar allows energy generation, agriculture and environmental stewardship to coexist. As farmers confront economic uncertainty and more extreme weather, these projects could strengthen farm income, improve land management, reduce maintenance expenses and build community support for solar development.
